|
|
 |
Today
in History ARCHIVES
Understanding the Present by Honoring our Past began November
1, 2002
History
Archives 2002,
2003, 2004,
2005,
2006,
2007
2004
JANUARY / FEBRUARY
/ MARCH /
APRIL
/ MAY
/ JUNE / JULY / AUGUST
/ SEPTEMBER / OCTOBER / NOVEMBER
/ DECEMBER
Friday,
December 31, 2004
On this day in 1960, the United States
federal government terminated the Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin. In December
1973, the Restoration Act restored the tribe’s federal recognition.
Thursday,
December 30, 2004
On this day in 1950, a constitution and
bylaws for the Eskimos of the Native village of Buckland, Alaska were
ratified by a vote of 17-13.
Wednesday,
December 29, 2004
On this day in 1890, 128 Sioux were killed
at the Battle of Wounded Knee. The Wounded Knee Massacre ended the last
of the Indian wars in America. It also put an end to the Ghost Dance Religion,
which claimed that the earth would perish and come back to life again
in a pure state to be inherited by Natives. Wounded Knee would go on to
symbolize wrongs inflicted on Native Americans.
Tuesday,
December 28, 2004
On this day in 1985, the Quarter Blood
Amendment Act was passed. Its purpose was to define the eligibility if
Indian students to attend BIA or contact schools.
Monday,
December 27, 2004
On this day in 1875, President Grant, by
executive order, established reservations for nine Indian tribes, primarily
in San Diego County, California.
Friday,
December 24, 2004
During this week in 1845, John O’Sullivan
coined the phrase “Manifest Destiny.” He wrote an editorial
to the New York Morning Times about American claims to Oregon Territory.
The phrase went on to become a national doctrine that encouraged America’s
claim to the North American continent.
Thursday,
December 23, 2004
On this day in 1923, Ruth Muskrat, a Cherokee
educator, presented President Calvin Coolidge with a copy of the book
The Red Man in the United States. Muskrat was a life long activist and
believed that Native Americans themselves are the only ones who can find
viable solutions to their problems.
Wednesday,
December 22, 2004
On
this day in 1898, the Hualapai Indian School Reserve was established in
Arizona. The reservation was set aside for the purpose of educating the
Hualapai.
Tuesday,
December 21, 2004
On
this day every year, the Chumash Indians of California celebrate the Winter
Solstice. Chumash ancestors left a legacy of Caves which were converted
into solstice observatories. Solstice celebrations last several days.
Monday,
December 20, 2004
On this day in 1881, Vermillion Lake Reservation in Minnesota
was established by executive order. The nearly 2000 acre reservation is
part of the Boise Forte Band of Chippewa Indian land.
Friday,
December 17, 2004
On this date in 1801, the Choctaws signed the Treaty of Fort
Adams. It reestablished land boundaries, which lead to the tribe losing
1.5 million acres. They received two thousand dollars in goods and three
sets of blacksmith tools.
Thursday,
December 16, 2004
On this day in 1882, the Hopi reservation was established in
Arizona by an executive order. Its original size was 2.5 million acres.
Today its reservation is 1.9 million acres due to a land lawsuit they
loss to the Navajo.
Wednesday,
December 15, 2004
On this day in 1890, Hunkpapa Chief Sitting Bull was killed while
being arrested at Fort Yates, North Dakota by Indian Police and Eighth
Cavalry soldiers. Sitting Bull was the principle Chief of the Dakota Sioux.
He was 53 years old.
Tuesday,
December 14, 2004
On this day in 1915, Red Fox James, a Blackfoot man, rode his
horse to the White House and asked President Woodrow Wilson to set aside
a national day for American Indians. Although he received endorsements
from 24 governors, it wasn’t enough. A holiday was never proclaimed
for American Indians.
Monday,
December 13, 2004
On this date in 1621, the first Thanksgiving was celebrated by
pilgrims. The three-day feast with members of the Wampanoag Tribe included
venison, wild fowl, turkeys, corn, lobster, cod and pumpkin.
Friday,
December 10, 2004
On this day in 1991, the Custer Battlefield Monument was renamed
Little Bighorn Battlefield Monument. It’s located in Montana. The
monument sits on the site of the June 25,1876 battle between the U.S.
Army's seventh cavalry and the Lakota Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes.
Thursday,
December 9, 2004
During this week in 1971, Congress passed the Alaska Native Claims
Settlement Act. Alaskan Natives received title to 40 million acres. The
land was divided among 220 Native villages and twelve Regional Corporations
that were established by the Act.
Wednesday,
December 8, 2004
On this day in 1818, Secretary of War John
Calhoun recommended to Congress that tribes should no longer be viewed
as sovereign nations. Calhoun’s report stated that Indians should
be saved from extinction and be taught the correctness of the concept
of landownership.
Tuesday,
December 7, 2004
On this day in 1855 the Chief Peupeumoxmox
of the Walla Walla Tribe was killed in battle. The chief’s scalp
was paraded through White settlements.
Monday,
December 6, 2004
On this day in 1886, the U.S. Senate passed
the Dawes Severalty Act. Also known as the General Allotment Act, it divided
land into 160 and 80 acre plots. The Act led to the decrease in the acres
of Indian owned land. From 1887 to 1934 Indians loss 90-million acres
of land.
Friday,
December 3, 2004
On this day in 1973, the first Native
American woman to be an agency superintendent was appointed. Oglala Tribal
member Shirley Plume supervised the Standing Rock Agency in North Dakota.
Thursday,
December 2, 2004
On this day in 1980, the Alaska
National Interest Land Conservation Act became law. It set aside 100 million
acres of public lands in Alaska for conservation. The law includes land
to protect subsistence hunting and fishing. The law included the implementation
of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act.
Wednesday, December 1, 2004
On this day in 1855, the Donation
Land Claim Act expired. The Act offered single white male adults to claim
land if he arrived in designated Oregon Territory before December 1st.
The Act led to the displacement of many Native Americans.
Monday,
November 29, 2004
On this day in 1864, the Sand Creek
Massacre occurred in South-eastern Colorado. Over two hundred Cheyenne
and Arapaho people were killed. Soldiers and members of the Colorado volunteers
mutilated the bodies.
Friday, November 26, 2004
On this day in 1884, 765 square
miles of land was set-aside for the Northern Cheyenne.
Thursday, November 25, 2004
During this week in 1989, Congress
enacted the National Museum of the American Indian Act. The act required
the museum to inventory, document, and repatriate culturally affiliated
human remains and funerary objects to federally recognized Native American
tribes who requested the items.
Wednesday, November 24, 2004
On this day in 1807, Mohawk Chief
Joseph Brandt died. Brandt was a British military officer during the American
Revolution. He founded the Six Nations Indian Reserve.
Tuesday, November 23, 2004
On this day in 1880, the Havasupai
Reservation was established. The tribe’s reservation is located
in the western part of the Grand Canyon in Arizona. It currently encompasses
nearly 190,000 acres of canyon land.
Monday, November 22, 2004
On this day in 1812, Potawatomi
Chief Winamuc died. One of two chiefs with the same name, Winamuc was
pro-Native. The other Chief Winamuc was pro-American.
Friday,
November 19, 2004
On this day in 1958, the U.S. Department
of Interior authorized an election for the Confederated Tribes of the
Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon. Tribal members voted on a proposed
amendment to the tribe’s constitution and bylaws. The tribe held
the election the following April.
Thursday, November 18, 2004
On this day in 1977 the Confederated
Tribes of Siletz Indians of Oregon, a confederation of 27 tribes, were
restored federal recognition after a termination act in 1956 declared
them no longer a tribe.
Wednesday, November 17, 2004
On this day in 1947, the assistant secretary
of the interior authorized an election to approve a constitution and bylaws
for the Organized Village of Kake, Alaska. The election was held on January
27, of the following year.
Tuesday, November 16, 2004
On this day in 1990, the Native American
Graves Protection and Repatriation Act was signed into law. Commonly known
as NAGPRA, the Act provides a process for museums and Federal agencies
to return certain Native American cultural and sacred items, human remains,
and funerary objects to tribes.
Monday, November 15, 2004
On this day in 1944, the National Congress
of American Indians held its first meeting and was established. Cherokee
Judge Napoleon Johnson was elected as the first president.
Friday, November 12, 2004
On this day in 1981, the Department of
Interior cancelled the construction of Orme Dam. The dam would have flooded
the Yavapai reservation near Phoenix, Arizona. Each year a tribal fair
and rodeo is held to commemorate the tribe’s victory.
Thursday, November 11, 2004
On this day in 1921, the “Tomb of
the Unknowns” at Arlington National Cemetery was dedicated. The
last traditional leader of the Crow Nation, Chief Plenty Coups, represented
Native Americans. He placed his war bonnet on the shrine.
Wednesday, November 10, 2004
On
this day in 1997, Annie Dodge Wauneka died. Wauneka became the first female
Navajo Nation councilwoman. In 1963 she received the Presidential Medal
of Freedom award for her service as a health educator.
Tuesday, November 9, 2004
On this day in 1871, the San Carlos Apache
Reservation was established in Arizona. Nearly 29-hundred square miles
of land was set aside for the tribe. The reservation was initially home
to many bands of Apache, Mohave, and Yuma Indians.
Monday,
November 8, 2004
On this day in 1978, the Indian Child Welfare
Act was ratified. The Act was developed to prevent the removal of Native
children from their Native cultures. It established standards for the
placement of Indian children in foster and adoptive homes.
Friday,
November 5, 2004
During this week in 1992, Ben Nighthorse
Campbell became the first Native American to serve in the United States
Senate in more than 60-years. Campbell is a member of the Northern Cheyenne
Tribe and represents the state of Colorado. He currently chairs the Senate
Committee on Indian Affairs and is preparing to retire in January.
Thursday,
November 4, 2004
On this day in 1968, the U.S. Post Office
issued a Chief Joseph stamp. Chief Joseph was the leader of the Nez Perce.
He is most known for leading a resistance against relocation and reservations.
Wednesday,
November 3, 2004
On this day in 1969, the U. S. Senate Special
Subcommittee on Indian Education released a report on Indian education.
The report cited failed federal policies on the education of Native Americans
children.
Tuesday, November 2, 2004
On this day in 1972, 500 Native Americans
concluded the "Trail of Broken Treaties" march to Washington,
D.C. They seized part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs building until for
6 days.
Monday, November 1, 2004
On
this day in 1978, the Education Amendments Act was passed. The Act established
standards for educating American Indian children. It also restructured
the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ educational functions.
Friday,
October 29, 2004
On
this day in 1998, President Bill Clinton signed a proclamation that designated
November as National American Indian Heritage Month. In his proclamation
the president highlighted the contributions of past, present and future
Native Americans.
Thursday,
October 28, 2004
During
this week in 1986, the Indian Alcohol and Substance Abuse Prevention Act
was passed. The Act gave tribes an opportunity to develop and implement
programs for the prevention and treatment of alcohol and substance abuse.
Wednesday,
October 27, 2004
During
this week in 1918, the first Native American language was officially used
as a code. Eight Choctaw code talkers sent messages in their language.
The men were credited with helping shape the end of World War I.
Tuesday,
October 26, 2004
On
this day in 1882, the Village of Angoon in Alaska was bombarded by the
U.S. Navy. In the attack, Tlingit canoes, clan houses and storehouses
of food were shot and burned. Artifacts were looted and six children were
killed.
Monday,
October 25, 2004
On
this day in 2002, prison plaintiffs in the case “Trapp v. DuBois,”
accepted an offer to institute a sweat lodge in three Massachusetts prisons.
The case centered on Native American religious and spiritual freedom in
prison.
Friday,
October 22, 2004
During
this week in 1966 the first Alaska Federation of Natives conference was
held. 17 Native organizations and over 250 people attended the first A.F.N.
meeting. A.F.N. is credited with the passage of the Alaska Native Claims
Settlement Act.
Thursday,
October 21, 2004
On
this day in 1996, President Bill Clinton issued an executive order on
Indian Education. Among other things, it established the President's Board
of Advisors on Tribal Colleges and Universities within the Department
of Education.
Wednesday,
October 20, 2004
During
this week in 1848, the Menominee tribe signed a treaty with the federal
government. In the treaty the Menominee agreed to cede all their land
in Wisconsin to the federal government for $350,000.
Tuesday,
October 19, 2004
During
this week in 1992, Rigoberta Menchu, was awarded the Nobel peace prize.
Menchu, a Quiche Maya Indian, was recognized for her work against human
rights abuses in Guatemala.
Monday,
October 18, 2004
On
this day in 1820, the first treaty that involved the movement of Eastern
tribes to Indian Territory, in present day Oklahoma, was negotiated.
Friday,
October 15, 2004
On
this day in 1748, an act of the North Carolina general assembly allotted
land to the Tuscarora tribe. This was before North Carolina was a state
and still a British Colony.
Thursday,
October 14, 2004
On
this day in 1964 Oglala Sioux athlete Billy Mills stunned the world by
winning the 10,000-meter race. His breathtaking come-from-behind-finish
has been called “the most sensational race in Olympic history.”
Wednesday,
October 13, 2004
During
this week in 1891, Paiute author Sarah Winnemucca died. She was the first
Native American woman to secure a copyright and to publish her book- Life
Among the Piutes: Their Wrongs and Claims. It’s an autobiographical
account of her people during their first forty years of contact with explorers
and settlers.
Tuesday,
October 12, 2004
During
this week in 1918 several tribes organized the First American Indian Church
in El Reno, Oklahoma. Original members included the Cheyenne, Apache,
Ponca, Comanche and Kiowa.
Friday,
October 8, 2004
On
this day in 1984, American Indian Movement leader Dennis Banks was sentenced
to jail for three years. The Ojibwe activist was convicted of rioting
and assault.
Thursday,
October 7, 2004
On
this day in 1969 U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy called for a White House conference
on Native American issues and problems. The Senator criticized the efforts
of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in addressing the needs of Native American
people.
Wednesday,
October 6, 2004
On
this day in 1986 the U.S. Congress designated the Nez Perce Historical
Trail. The Nez Perce took the 1,170-mile long trail while fleeing from
the U.S. Army in 1877.
Tuesday,
October 5, 2004
On
this day in 1985, the Official Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida
Indian Tribes of Alaska amended their constitution and rules for election
of delegates. The council is headquartered in Juneau, Alaska. They represent
more than 24,000 members worldwide.
Monday,
October 4, 2004
On
this day in 1944, Choctaw tribal member Van T. Barfoot was awarded the
Congressional Medal of Honor for his World War II service. In the same
day, Barfoot, a Second Lieutenant, knocked out two machine gun nests,
which led to the capture of 17 German soldiers. He destroyed a Nazi fieldpiece
and carried two wounded commanders to safety.
Friday,
October 1, 2004
On
this day in 1969, in Ridgeville, South Carolina marshals turned Indian
parents and their children away from a local school. The Indians wanted
to be desegregated but a court order prohibited the Indians from attending
white schools.
Thursday,
September 30, 2004
On this day in 1730, seven Cherokee leaders signed the Articles of Agreement
with the Lords Commissioners in London, England. It was a formal alliance
covering allegiance, peace and the return of captives.
Wednesday,
September 29, 2004
On this day in 1973, The U.S. House Interior Committee voted to approve
a bill that reestablished federal recognition of the Menominee Indians.
Tuesday,
September 28, 2004
On this day in 1841, Billy Caldwell a Potawatomi Chief died in Council
Bluffs, Iowa. Caldwell also served as secretary to Tecumseh and liaison
to the British government.
Monday,
September 27, 2004
On this day in 1830, the first treaty after the passage of the Indian
removal act was signed. The "Dancing Rabbit Creek Treaty" sealed
an agreement by the Choctaws to sell lands in Mississippi and to move
to Indian Territory.
Friday,
September 24, 2004
On this day in 1852, the federal government granted authorization to officially
move the Menominee Bands of the Lake Poygan area to their present day
reservation.
Thursday,
September 16, 2004
On
this day in 1974, federal charges against American Indian Movement leaders
Dennis Banks and Russell Means were dismissed. The judge stated the FBI
had lied during the trial. The Ojibwa and Lakota men were tried for incidents
at Wounded Knee in 1973.
Wednesday,
September 15, 2004
On
this day in 1903, an executive order was issued to establish the Fort
McDowell Indian Reservation. The Arizona reservation just outside of Phoenix
is home to the Yavapai Indians. The order set aside 24-thousand-6-hundred-80
acres for the tribe.
Tuesday,
September 14, 2004
On
this day in 1958, Chickasaw tribal member and the first Native American
to travel to space- John Herrington was born. Also on this day in 1973
famed pro-golfer and Navajo tribal member Notah Begay III was born.
Monday,
September 13, 2004
On
this day in 1984, Ojibwa activist Dennis banks surrendered and served
more than a year in prison for riot charges.
Friday,
September 10, 2004
On this day in 1874, a group of Kiowa and Comanche attacked a military
supply caravan along the Washita River, in present day Oklahoma.
Thursday,
September 9, 2004
On this day in 1989 the Cherokee tribal council changed the official tribal
flag. A seven-pointed black star was added as a reminder of the Cherokees
who lost their lives on the Trail of Tears.
Wednesday,
September 8, 2004
During this week in 1957, an Act of Congress granted the Chilkats mineral
rights to their lands near Klukwan in Southeast Alaska. They are one of
only a very small number of Alaskans with this provision.
Tuesday,
September 7, 2004
On this day in 1972, it was decided that North Dakota could not tax Indians
on reservations.
Monday,
September 6, 2004
On this day in 1877, Oglala Sioux Chief Crazy Horse died. He was reportedly
stabbed in the abdomen by a soldier. Crazy Horse was born along Rapid
Creek near present-day Rapid City, South Dakota around 1845. He was killed
at Fort Robinson, Nebraska.
Friday,
September 3, 2004
On this day in 1907, the Principal Chief of the Creek Nation, Pleasant
Porter died. Also known as Talof Harjo, Porter served in the Confederate
Army as a private. Prior to his tribal leadership he served as a tribal
superintendent of schools.
Thursday,
September 2, 2004
On this day in 1838, Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani was born. She was the
last reigning monarch of the Hawaiian Islands. She tried to preserve the
islands for the native residents but she was dethroned 1898 when the U.S.
annexed the land.
Wednesday,
September 1, 2004
On this day in 1788, the United States Congress issued a proclamation
prohibiting Whites from settling on Cherokee lands, along the Holston
and French Broad Rivers.
Tuesday,
August 31, 2004
On this day 1905, Seneca Chief, engineer, attorney, and the first Native
American to be commissioner for Indian Affairs Ely Parker died in New
York City. He was also a brigadier general in the Civil War.
Monday,
August 30, 2004
During this week in 1974 members of the Navajo Nation testified before
the U.S. Civil Rights Commission in New Mexico.
Friday,
August 27, 2004
On this day in 1878, a U.S. cavalry followed a group of Bannock Natives
accused of stealing livestock along the Madison River. The cavalry fought
with the Bannocks near Henry's Lake, and recovered fifty-six head of livestock.
Thursday,
August 26, 2004
On this day in 1858, "The Battle of Four Lakes" took place.
The Coeur d’Alene, Columbia River, Colville, Kalispel, and Spokane
tribes fought an Army force. The battle lasted for several hours.
Wednesday,
August 25, 2004
On this day in 1737, Munsee Chiefs signed the Walking Purchase agreement.
It recognized an old deed that sold Indian lands along the Delaware River
in the size of the distance a man could walk in a day and a half.
Tuesday,
August 24, 2004
On this day in 1869, Pawnee Scout Mad Bear was awarded the Medal of Honor.
He was one of a handful of Native Americans awarded the medal for his
actions during the Indian Wars.
Monday,
August 23, 2004
On this day in 1904, Arizona’s Fort McDowell Yavapai-Apache Tribe’s
reservation boundaries were modified. The tribe’s land is located
in south-central Arizona near Phoenix.
Friday,
August 20, 2004
On this day in 1948, the Mi’kmaq Eskasoni First Nation Reserve’s
boundaries were expanded. The reserve is in Nova Scotia.
Thursday,
August 19, 2004
On this day in 1938 the constitution and bylaws of the Alabama-Coushatta
tribe were approved. 2 months later they were ratified.
Wednesday,
August 18, 2004
On this day in 1819, a delegation of Kansa Indians under Chief the Real
War Eagle went to the Platte River Village of Otoe to negotiate peace.
The Chief was accompanied by 5 warriors.
Tuesday,
August 17, 2004
On this day in 1936 the federal government ordered the purchase of land
to create the Flandreau Indian reservation in South Dakota. The Flandreau
Santee Sioux Reservation is located in the southeastern region of the
state and borders the State of Minnesota.
Monday,
August 16, 2004
During this week in 1987, the United States Postal Service issued a stamp
in honor of Oglala Sioux Chief Red Cloud.
Friday,
August 13, 2004
On this day in 1973, 182 years after the United States Bill of Rights,
the Office of Indian Rights was proposed by the Department of Justice.
Thursday,
August 12, 2004
On this day
in 1831, the removal of the Choctaws to the west bank of the Mississippi
River was appointed to a special federal agent. The Choctaws trusted the
agent to handle the entire process and not to exploit them. Once there,
the Choctaws were turned over to the U.S. Army.
Wednesday,
August 11, 2004
During this
week in 1988 Aleuts of Alaska received financial compensation and an apology
from Congress and the President on behalf of the American people. The
Aleuts were subjected to internment 40 years earlier, in response to Japanese
aggression in the Aleutians.
Tuesday,
August 10, 2004
On this day
in 1680, The Pueblo Revolt began in New Mexico. Tewa leader Pope organized
a massive attack on the Spanish.
Monday,
August 9, 2004
On
this day in 1946, an Act was passed by Congress to authorize the leasing
of Indian lands in the State of Washington for business and other purposes.
The Act states that any restricted Indian lands may be leased for periods
not to exceed twenty-five years. The Act would not authorize leases for
the exploitation of any natural resources.
Friday,
August 6, 2004
On
this day in 1998, President Clinton issued an executive order titled American
Indian and Alaska Native Education. The order was to improve the educational
achievement and academic progress of American Indians and Alaska Natives.
Thursday,
August 5, 2004
During
this week in 1823 a force of 500 Sioux and 200 American soldiers attacked
Arikara warriors. The assault was in retaliation for an attack on an American
expedition by the Arikara two months earlier.
Wednesday,
August 4, 2004
On
this day in 1813, 500 warriors of the White Stick faction of the Creeks
gathered in Coweta, Alabama to plan their attack on the Red Stick band
of Creeks. The 25-hundred Red Stick band were followers of Tecumseh.
Tuesday,
August 3, 2004
On this
day in 1948, Native Americans in New Mexico won the right to vote. In
1942, World War II veternan and Isleta Pueblo tribal member Miguel Trujillo
was denied the right to vote. He sued in federal court and won.
Monday,
August 2, 2004
On
this day in 1951, Chickasaw tribal member Raymond Harvey received the
Congressional Medal of Honor. Lieutenant Colonel Harvey served in World
War II and the Korean War.
Friday,
July 30, 2004
On
this day in 1825 the Minitaree tribe signed a treaty with the U.S. government.
The treaty aimed to end skirmishes and established guidelines for trade
between the two parties. Nine chiefs and sixteen warriors signed the document.
Thursday,
July 29, 2004
On
this day in 1968, the American Indian Movement was founded. AIM is often
credited with drawing attention to Native American issues and concerns.
Wednesday,
July 28, 2004
On
this day in 1862 Fort Bowie was established on Apache Pass in southeastern
Arizona. The fort and the pass were the focal points of military operations,
and lead to the surrender of Geronimo and the banishment of the Chiricahuas.
Tuesday,
July 27, 2004
On
this day in 1874, gold was discovered in the Black Hills, a site sacred
to the Lakota and many other plains Indian tribes. A gold rush led to
the desecrations of the site and settlement by non-Natives.
Monday,
July 26, 2004
On
this day in 1914, California’s Sherwood Valley Rancheria made their
final payment on a 60-acre tract of land in Mendocino County. The land
was sold to the tribe by J.C. Johnson.
Friday,
July 23, 2004
On
this day in 1971, Cherokee tribal member John Crow was appointed commissioner
of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Thursday,
July 22, 2004
On
this day in 1790, the U.S. enacted two laws that formalized regulation
of trade with Indians. The first was called "An Act providing for
Holding a Treaty or Treaties to Establish Peace with Certain Indian Tribes.”
The second was titled "An Act to Regulate Trade and Intercourse with
the Indian Tribes.”
Wednesday,
July 21, 2004
On
this day in 1836, more than 2000 Creeks were loaded onto three steamboats
in New Orleans. They were taken to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma.
The Muscogee Creek Nation still reside in the state.
Tuesday,
July 20, 2004
On
this day in 1979, Mohawk actor Jay Silverheels, best known as "Tonto,"
had a star placed on Hollywood's Walk of Fame.
Monday,
July19, 2004
During
this week in 1881, Sitting Bull the Lakota Medicine Man and Chief was
the last to surrender to the U.S. military, after years of battling with
the government.
Friday,
July 16, 2004
On
this day in 1887, J.D.C. Atkins, the Commissioner of Indian Affairs, wrote
in his Annual Report that English would be the exclusive language for
all Indian schools. He argued that Native languages were of no use and
were detrimental to the education and civilization of Indians.
Thursday,
July 15, 2004
On
this day in 1948, the Arizona Supreme Court ruled in the case Harrison
v. Laveen, which gave Native Americans in the state the right to vote.
Wednesday,
July 14, 2004
On
this day in 1837 the first Mandan to die from smallpox was recorded by
Francis at Fort Clark, on the upper Missouri. The outbreak of this disease
spread rapidly and was extremely deadly to the Mandan and others in the
area.
Tuesday,
July 13, 2004
On
this day in 1973, the state of New Mexico outlawed state taxation of income
earned on tribal lands. However, income earned on tribal land is federally
taxed.
Monday,
July 12, 2004
During
this month in 1824 Seminole Principal Chief Neamathla managed to avoid
the removal of his people from Florida to the west.
Friday,
July 9, 2004
On
this day in 1981, The Lakota Times was first published. The paper was
later renamed Indian Country Today.
Thursday,
July 8, 2004
On
this day in 1755 a Shawnee war party staged a series of raids in Draper's
Meadows, near modern day Blackburn, Virginia. They killed 5 settlers and
captured several others including Mary Ingles, who later escaped. Her
children, however, remained in the wilderness and were raised Shawnee.
Wednesday,
July 7, 2004
On
this day in 1979, more than 2,000 Native American activists and anti-nuclear
demonstrators marched through South Dakota’s Black Hills to protest
the development of uranium mines on sacred lands.
Tuesday,
July 6, 2004
On
this day in 1951, Oneida comedian Charlie Hill was born. Hill is a renowned
stand-up comedian and has appeared on the Late Show with David
Letterman and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. He was
also a staff writer for the Roseanne show and has been featured
on the TV show Moeshe.
Monday,
July 5, 2004
During
this week in 1887 World Champion Marathoner Thomas Longboat was born.
The Iroquois/Onondaga native won the 1907 Boston Marathon.
Friday,
July 2, 2004
On
this day in 1836, an Act of Congress organized the federal removal of
7,000 Choctaws from Mississippi.
Thursday,
July 1, 2004
On
this day in 1955 the Indian Health Act was passed. It transferred Indian
health services from the Interior Department to the Public Health Service’s
Indian Health Agency. Just over two decades later it was moved into the
U.S. Health and Human Services Department.
Wednesday,
June 30, 2004
On
this day in 1938, Olympic Gold Medallist Billy Mills was born in Pine
Ridge, South Dakota. In the 1964 Olympic games in Tokyo, Japan, the Oglala
Lakota athlete won the gold medal in the 10,000-meter race.
Tuesday,
June 29, 2004
On
this day in 1906, Colorado’s Mesa Verde Anasazi ruins were declared
a national park.
Monday,
June 28, 2004
On
this day in 1898, the Dawes Commission was authorized by an act of Congress.
The commission was set up to prepare tribal rolls for the Cherokee, Choctaw,
Chickasaw, Creek and Seminole tribes. These rolls were used for the allocation
of land and money.
Friday,
June 25, 2004
On
this day in 1876, Lakota, Dakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho warriors defeated
Custer and his soldiers at the Battle of Little Bighorn.
Thursday,
June 24, 2004
On
this day in 1948, the members of the Crow Tribe approved their tribal
constitution. Under this constitution the tribe established a general
council form of government in which every adult enrolled member is allowed
to vote if they are present during the meeting of the general council.
Wednesday,
June 23, 2004
On
this day in 1972, the Indian Education Act was passed. The Act funded
programs to help American Indian students both on and off reservations.
Tuesday,
June 22, 2004
On
this day 1953, Oneida Actor Graham Greene was born. With rolls in such
films as Powwow Highway and Thunderheart, Greene is best known for his
Oscar-nominated supporting role as Kicking Bird in the movie Dances With
Wolves.
Monday,
June 21, 2004
On
this day of every year, Canadians celebrate National Aboriginal Day. This
day provides an opportunity for all Canadians to recognize the achievements
and contributions of Canada’s Aboriginal peoples.
Friday,
June 18, 2004
On
this day in 1934, The Indian Reorganization Act was passed. The Act aimed
to restore tribal self-government and to build tribal economies.
Thursday,
June 17, 2004
On
this day in 1865 Omaha Native Susan LaFlesche Picotte, the first Native
American woman doctor was born. She graduated from the Woman's Medical
College of Pennsylvania and was a member of the Nebraska State Medical
Society.
Wednesday,
June 16, 2004
On
this day in 1897, the Hawaii Annexation Treaty was signed. All lands owned
by the independent kingdom were handed over to the United States.
Tuesday,
June 15, 2004
On
this day 1799, Seneca religious prophet- Handsome Lake had a vision that
lead to the 'Code of Handsome Lake.' The code promotes traditional values
of sobriety, family, and community.
Monday,
June 14, 2004
On
this day in 1867, according to the constitution of the Coeur d’Alene
Tribe of Idaho, the Coeur d’Alene reservation was established by
executive order.
Friday,
June 11, 2004
On
this day in 1866, 1,300 Santee Sioux were moved to new lands on the Missouri
River near Crow Creek. Within a few months of their arrival, 300 starved.
Three years later, they were moved again to northeastern Nebraska Territory.
Thursday,
June 10, 2004
During
this week in 1866 Chief Seattle, the leader of the Duwamish and Suquamish
tribes, died. The city of Seattle was named in his honor.
Wednesday,
June 9, 2004
On
this day in 1958, the Atomic Energy Commission officially named Project
Chariot, a plan to conduct a nuclear blast in the Arctic. The plan, which
was dropped in 1962 after public opposition, would have affected Point
Hope, an Inupiaq Eskimo village.
Tuesday,
June 8, 2004
On
this day in 1874, Chiricahua Apache leader Cochise died. After his death,
the government broke the historic treaty they signed with Cochise and
moved the Chiricahua from their ancient mountain homeland to the Arizona
desert.
Monday,
June 7, 2004
During
this week in 1984 the U.S. Senate voted to make the Committee on Indian
Affairs permanent. Legislation proposed by members of the Senate that
specifically pertains to American Indians, Native Hawaiians, or Alaska
Natives, is under the jurisdiction of the Committee.
Friday,
June 4, 2004
On
this day in 1647, Narragansett Chief Canonicus died. He was chief of the
tribe when the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth Rock. He also granted Rhode
Island to Roger Williams in 1636. He was approximately 88 years old.
Thursday,
June 3, 2004
On
this day in 1830, the governor of Georgia declared a law that extended
the state’s sovereignty over Cherokee land valid. The law passed
several months earlier, turned gold mines on Cherokee land over to the
state and it abolished all Cherokee laws.
Wednesday,
June 2, 2004
On
this day in 1924, Congressed passed the Indian Citizenship Act. The Act
granted U.S. citizenship to Native Americans, which included the right
to vote in national elections.
Tuesday,
June 1, 2004
On
this day in 1868, several Navajo chiefs, including Manuelito and Barboncito,
signed a treaty that released the Navajo from Fort Sumner in New Mexico.
The Navajo were imprisoned at the fort, also known as Bosque Redondo,
for more than 4 years.
Monday,
May 31, 2004
On
this day in 1796, the Treaty of the Seven Tribes of Canada was signed
in New York City. The tribes gave up all claims to lands in New York except
for six square miles in Saint Regis.
Friday,
May 28, 2004
On
this day in 1888, Sauk and Fox Native, Jim Thorpe, was born in Prague,
Oklahoma. One of the most accomplished all-around athletes in history,
Thorpe was selected as the greatest American athlete and the greatest
football player of the first half of the 20th century.
Thursday,
May 27, 2004
During
this week in 1890, Charles Hyde, a Pierre, South Dakota citizen, wrote
a letter to the Secretary of the Interior saying the Ghost Dance was leading
to a possible uprising by the Sioux. Prior to the letter, federal agents
were not concerned about the Ghost Dance, but soon after, they feared
the ceremony.
Wednesday,
May 26, 2004
On
this day in 1912, Mohawk Actor Jay Silverheels was born. The actor most
known for his role as “Tonto” on the TV show The Lone Ranger
was born on the Six Nations Reserve in Canada.
Tuesday,
May 25, 2004
On
this day in 1933 President Roosevelt abolished the Board of Indian Commissioners.
The commission was created in 1869 to oversee Indian appropriations.
Monday,
May 24, 2004
On
this day in 1836 President Andrew Jackson publicly proclaimed the New
Echota Treaty. The treaty, which eventually led to the Trail Of Tears,
was opposed by 16,000 Cherokees.
Friday,
May 21, 2004
On
this day in 1877 the Sioux and Ponca began their march to Indian Territory
as part of their punishment for the Battle of Little Bighorn. The Ponca
protested arguing that they had nothing to do with the war.
Thursday,
May 20, 2004
On
this day in 1862 Congress passed the Homestead Act. The Act allowed settlers
to buy 160 acres of western lands for $1.25 an acre. The Act brought in
a new wave of settlers to the west.
Wednesday,
May 19, 2004
On
this day in 1989, Nebraska lawmakers enacted a law that required state-sponsored
museums to return Indian skeletal remains and burial goods to Tribes for
reburial. It was the first law of its kind in the U.S.
Tuesday,
May 18, 2004
On
this day in 1905 the Supreme Court decided in favor of the Eastern Cherokees
to distribute more than $1 million appropriated by Congress to use for
payment of claims.
Monday,
May 17, 2004
On
this day in 1893, the Cherokee Nation under pressure by the federal government
ratified the sale of the Cherokee Strip in Indian Territory. The Cherokee
received $1.31 an acre for over 6.5 million acres of land.
Friday,
May 14, 2004
On
this day in 1971, the first radio station on an American Indian reservation
was dedicated. Radio station SCCR served Arizona’s San Carlos Apache
Reservation.
Thursday,
May 13, 2004
On
this day in 1614, The Viceroy of Mexico found Juan De Onate guilty of
atrocities perpetrated on the Native people of New Mexico. Onate is notorious
for cutting off the hands and feet of Pueblo of Acoma men and for enslaving
the tribe’s women and children. His punishment was banishment from
entering New Mexico again.
Wednesday,
May 12, 2004
During
this week in 1916, the Society of American Indians established Indian
Day. The day was set aside to recognize, honor, and improve conditions
for Native Americans.
Tuesday,
May 11, 2004
On
this day in 1792, Robert Gray discovered the Columbia River while trading
with tribes in the area. Native Americans were living alongside and near
the river for thousands of years. Gray named the river after his ship.
Monday,
May 10, 2004
On
this day in 1869, the Central and Union Pacific railroads connected at
Promontory Point, Utah, completing the first transcontinental railroad
in the United States. The connection is one of the most destructive events
to affect the way of life of Plains Tribes.
Thursday,
May 6, 2004
On
this day in 1877, Crazy Horse, Dull Knife and nearly 1,000 of their followers
surrendered at Red Cloud Agency near Ft. Robinson in northwestern Nebraska.
Crazy Horse an Oglala-Brule Sioux was promised a reservation for his people.
Wednesday,
May 5, 2004
On
this day in 1916, U.S. Army Indian Scouts of the 11th Cavalry engaged
in their last fight against Pancho Villa’s troops at Ojo Azules
Ranch in Mexico. The Indian Scouts had no casualties but Villa lost 47
men.
Tuesday,
May 4, 2004
On
this day in 1863 770 Santee Sioux boarded a steamboat in St. Paul for
their deportation to the west. Eventually 1300 would be deported to the
west as a result of the Minnesota Uprising which cost them their lands.
Monday,
May 3, 2004
On
this day in 1922 Chief Little Wolf of the Cheyenne tribe died. He was
considered one of the most noted members of his tribe. He died in Clinton,
Oklahoma.
Friday,
April 30, 2004
On
this day in 1860, Navajo leader Manuelito and nearly 1,000 tribal members
launched a full scale attack on Fort Defiance in Northeastern Arizona.
The Navajos captured a few buildings but the U.S. soldiers regrouped and
continued fighting for the rest of the day.
Thursday,
April 29, 2004
On
this day in 1988, Congress passed amendments to the Indian Education Act.
The amendments aimed to improve elementary and secondary education programs
and assist in shaping legislation relating to Indian education.
Wednesday,
April 28, 2004
On
this day in 1988, Congress passed amendments to the Indian Education Act.
The amendments aimed to improve elementary and secondary education programs
and assist in shaping legislation relating to Indian education.
Tuesday,
April 27, 2004
On
this day in 1877, Red Cloud delivered a message to Crazy Horse from General
George Crook asking for his surrender. Crook promised Crazy Horse a reservation
along the Powder River area. Crazy Horse agreed and surrendered in Northwestern
Nebraska.
Monday,
April 26, 2004
On
this day in 1906, Congress established a deadline for enrolling the Dawes
Commission’s official tribal membership rolls for the Cherokee,
Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole tribes.
Friday,
April 23, 2004
During
this week in 1998, Chickasaw tribal member John Herrington graduated from
the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Four years later, he served
as a mission specialist on a major assembly flight for the International
Space Station as a member of the Space Shuttle Endeavor.
Thursday,
April 22, 2004
On
this day in 1889 thousands of settlers raced into Oklahoma to claim a
parcel of unclaimed land. This became known as the Oklahoma Land Rush
and it displaced many of the relocated tribes who lived there.
Wednesday,
April 21, 2004
On
this day in 1869, Seneca member Donehogawa, or Ely Samuel Parker became
the first Native American to be appointed as commissioner of Indian Affairs.
Parker also drew up the Appomattox surrender papers that General Robert
E. Lee signed to end the American Civil War in 1865.
Tuesday,
April 20, 2004
On
this day in 1988, Congress repealed the Termination Resolution of 1953.
The resolution was passed to end the federal trust relationship with certain
tribes.
Monday,
April 19, 2004
On
this day in 1884 the Indian Act was amended to outlaw Potlatch ceremonies
practiced by many Northwest Coast Indians. The ceremony, which was prohibited
until 1951, was a gathering that included massive gift giving to invited
guests.
Friday,
April 16, 2004
On
this day in 1934, the Johnson-O'Malley Act was passed. The Act provided
the Secretary of the Interior with the authority to work with states or
territories on education, medical attention, agriculture assistance, and
social welfare of Native Americans.
Thursday,
April 15, 2004
On
this day in 1892, a land rush took place on the Sisseton Reservation in
northeastern South Dakota. The reservation was originally almost a million
acres. It’s currently an estimated 107,000 acres.
Wednesday,
April 14, 2004
During
this week in 1885 under the Treaty of Fort Laramie, many of the lands
allocated to the Santee Sioux were required to be divided into individual
plots. A total of 72,000 acres were eventually divided into 853 plots.
Tuesday,
April 13, 2004
On
this day in 1946 Congress created the Indian Claims Commission. The Commission
was established to hear and decide claims made by Native Americans based
on land loss from treaties.
Monday,
April 12, 2004
On
this day in 1870, the Fort Berthold Reservation was created in western
North Dakota. The reservation is home to the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara
tribes.
Wednesday,
April 7, 2004
On
this day in 1830, U.S. Senator Theodore Frelinghuysen denounced President
Andrew Jackson's bill calling for the removal of Native Americans in the
Southeast.
Tuesday,
April 6, 2004
During
this week in 1944, Creek member Ernest Childers was awarded the Medal
of Honor for his leadership, initiative, and calmness under fire. Childers,
is one of five Native Americans awarded the Medal of Honor in the 20th
Century.
Monday,
April 5, 2004
On
this day in 1935, an Executive Order extended the trust period on allotments
made to Indians of the Crow Reservation. The allotments were made possible
by the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887.
Friday,
April 2, 2004
On
this day in 1975, a three day national conference on Indian Water Rights
was convened in Washington D.C. Representatives from nearly 200 tribes
attended.
Thursday,
April 1, 2004
On
this day in 1866, Congress overrode President Andrew Johnson's veto of
the Civil Rights Bill of 1866. The bill gave equal rights to all persons
born in the United States except Native Americans.
Wednesday,
March 31, 2004
On
this day in 1885, Captain Thomas Cloud of the Seminole Lighthorse Posse
died. The posse policed the Seminole Nation. Cloud also served as a member
of the United States Indian Police and was a U.S. mail contractor.
Tuesday,
March 30, 2004
On
this day in 1867, U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward sealed the
purchase of Russia’s land holding in Alaska for 2 cents an acre.
According to Alaska Natives, Russia’s land holding didn’t
include the bulk of Alaska Native lands.
Monday,
March 29, 2004
On
this day in 1965, the Supreme Court ruled that eminent domain laws applied
to New York State’s Seneca Nation. The case concerned the construction
of a limited-access freeway which divided the reservation. Five years
later Congress allocated funds to pay for the land.
Friday,
March 26, 2004
On
this day in 1933, Standing Rock Sioux member, Vine Deloria Jr. was born
in Martin, South Dakota. Deloria has authored numerous acclaimed books
and is considered a leading Native American scholar. He is a former executive
director of the National Congress of American Indians and a retired University
professor.
Thursday,
March 25, 2004
On
this day in 1971, Blackfoot tribal member William John Gobert was named
“Outstanding Handicapped Worker of the Year” by the Department
of Health, Education and Welfare. Gobert was employed by the Tucson Indian
Health Service.
Wednesday,
March 24, 2004
During
this week in 1975, Wisconsin's Lac Courte Oreille Chippewas settled their
case against a power company whose dam flooded tribal wild rice areas.
Tuesday,
March 23, 2004
During
this week in 1975, Wisconsin's Lac Courte Oreille Chippewas settled their
case against a power company whose dam flooded tribal wild rice areas.
Monday,
March 22, 2004
On
this day in 1967, an Executive Order authorized the U.S. Secretary of
Agriculture to offer economic relief to Indian tribes in the form of emergency
livestock feed.
Friday,
March 19, 2004
On
this day in 1840, the Council House Fight took place in San Antonio, TX
involving southern Cheyenne, Comanche, and whites over the issue of trading
prisoners and peace negotiations. One of the white prisoners was mutilated
by Comanche while held in captivity. This sparked the fight that ended
with 7 whites and 33 Comanche including 11 chiefs dead.
Thursday,
March 18, 2004
On
this day in 1954, Charles George, a Cherokee, was posthumously awarded
the Congressional Medal of Honor. George is credited with jumping on a
grenade during the Korean War that resulted in saving the lives of several
of his fellow soldiers.
Wednesday,
March 17, 2004
On
this day in 2002, Doctor Herman Charles Fredenberg, III died. Doctor Fredenberg
was a member of the Menominee Nation and the second American Indian in
the country to become a dentist. He was a longtime member of the Society
of American Indian Dentists.
Tuesday,
March 16, 2004
During
this week in 1864, 8,000 Navajos, mostly women, children, and elderly
men began the 300 to 500 mile forced march to Bosque Redondo in east-central
New Mexico. The march known as "The Long Walk" led to four years
of captivity before the Navajos were released.
Monday,
March 15, 2004
On
this day in 1978, Congress passed an act that allowed New Mexico’s
Pueblo of Zuni to seek redress for lands taken from them without compensation,
through the U.S. Court of Claims. This act also added the Zuni Salt Lake
to the lands held in trust for the tribe.
Friday,
March 12, 2004
On
this day in 1848, Cherokee Chief Tahchee died. Also known as Captain William
Dutch, the Cherokee Chief, was a fearless warrior and became a major political
force in the "old settler party."
Thursday,
March 11, 2004
On
this day in 1824, the Bureau of Indian Affairs was created within the
Department of War. It was later moved to the Department of Interior and
its mission is to fulfill its trust responsibilities and promote self-determination
on behalf of Tribal Governments, American Indians and Alaska Natives.
Wednesday,
March 10, 2004
On
this day in 1992 the Aitkin County, Minnesota, board of commissioners
voted to support the separation of the Sandy Lake Band of Ojibwe from
the Mille Lacs Band of Chippewa. The federal government believed the Mille
Lacs Band had authority over tribal lands that the Sandy Lake Band claimed.
Tuesday,
March 9, 2004
On
this day in 1951, Raymond Harvey, a Chickasaw, was awarded the Congressional
Medal of Honor from President Harry S. Truman. Harvey was awarded for
his actions in the Korean War.
Monday,
March 8, 2004
During
this week in 1972, over a thousand Native Americans marched in Gordon,
Nebraska to protest local authorities. The protesters felt the authorities
were not doing enough to arrest the murderer of Lakota Sioux Raymond Yellow
Thunder. The protest also aimed to bring attention to racism in the state.
Friday,
March 5, 2004
On
this day in 1948, Native American novelist, poet, and short story writer
Leslie Marmon Silko was born. The Laguna writer is most known for her
novel Ceremony.
Thursday,
March 4, 2004
On
this day in 1643, the Canarsee Indians negotiated peace with the Dutch
in Fort Amsterdam. The Canarsee are most known for selling Manhattan for
$24 in trinkets even thought they did not own the land.
Wednesday,
March 3, 2004
On
this day in 1927, the United States Congress passed an act that gave the
commissioner of Indian Affairs the authority to set aside lands to be
used as reservations. The Act also authorized oil and gas mining leases
on un-allotted lands and stated that only Congress can change the boundaries
of Executive Order reservations.
Monday,
March 1, 2004
On
this day in 1954, the "Buckskin Declaration of Independence"
was presented to U.S. President Eisenhower by the Miccosukee Seminole
Nation. The tribe declared that they had no desire to conform to the White
man’s ways and rather that they would continue to live as they had
for centuries.
Friday,
February 27, 2004
On
this day in 1934, famed Kiowa author N. Scott Momaday was born in Lawton,
Oklahoma. Momaday’s classic novel, House Made of Dawn was awarded
the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. He is a storyteller, artist, playwright,
poet and professor of English and American literature.
Thursday,
February 26, 2004
On
this day in 1937, the constitutions of the Kickapoo Tribe of Kansas and
the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska were approved by the U.S. Secretary
of the Interior.
Wednesday,
February 25, 2004
On
this day in 1998, the Oglala Sioux Tribal Council declared the 25th anniversary
of the Wounded Knee occupation a tribal holiday. It designated the occupation
a historical and cultural event that brought national attention to Native
American issues.
Tuesday,
February 24, 2004
On
this day in 1831, the Choctaw Dancing Rabbit Creek Treaty was ratified
by the United States Senate. The treaty forced the Choctaw to leave Mississippi
for Indian Territory. Large numbers of Choctaw opposed the treaty.
Friday,
February 20, 2004
On
this day in 1974, the United States 9th Circuit Court of Appeals decided
in the case of Kimball v. Callahan. The court held that the treaty hunting
and fishing rights of the Klamath Indians of Oregon survived termination.
Thursday,
February 19, 2004
On
this day in 1968, Robert Kennedy stated that cultural differences are
a national resource not a burden. Kennedy, who was chairman of the Senate
subcommittee on Indian education at the time, made the comment at a hearing
in Twin Oaks, Oklahoma.
Wednesday,
February 18, 2004
On
this day in 1837, United States officials began a movement to prevent
Cherokee resistance to the New Echota Treaty, which ceded all Cherokee
lands east of the Mississippi to the U.S. The Cherokee National Council
and thousands of Cherokee members never agreed to the treaty.
Tuesday,
February 17, 2004
On
this day in 1909, Goyathlay or more famously known as Geronimo died at
Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Geronimo was a highly respected medicine man among
his people the Chiricahua Apache. He was also a feared warrior by Mexican
and American authorities.
Monday,
February 16, 2004
During
this week in 1871, U.S. President Ulysses Grant rescinded the initial
boundaries of the Mission Indian Reservation. The tribe’s land,
located primarily in San Diego County, California, was reestablished in
1875 and 1876.
Friday,
February 13, 2004
During
this week in 1969, The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribe enacted
a resolution prohibiting the hunting or killing of mountain sheep. The
resolution aimed to preserve a dwindling herd of the sheep within the
Flathead Reservation in Montana.
Thursday,
February 12, 2004
On
this day in 1599, Juan De Onate ordered the punishment of 70 Acoma men
who battled the Spanish. The punishment was cutting off one foot from
every man over the age of 25 and 20 years of slavery.
Wednesday,
February 11, 2004
On
this day in 1978, American Indians marched across the country to Washington
D.C. The march, called "The Longest Walk," was held to symbolize
the forced removal of American Indians from their homelands and to bring
attention to the problems plaguing Native communities.
Tuesday,
February 10, 2004
On
this day in 1982 Dr. Everett Rhoades of the Kiowa Nation of Oklahoma became
the first Native American Director of the Indian Health Service. Rhoades
was also the first in his tribe to obtain a doctoral and medical degree.
Mon |
